Liquid-measuring apparatus



F. l. GOTTLIEB.

LIQUID MEASURING APPARATUS.

APPLICTION FILED DEC-2,19IB.

Patented Get.. 24g @22 AAANANAAA A Patented Get. 24, 1922.

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P T T @F ll FREDERICK GOTTLIEB, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

i LIQUID-MEASURING- APPARATUS.

Application led December 2, 1918. Serial No. 264,943.

To all lwlw-m it may concern.'

Be -it known that I. FREDERICK J. GOTT- Lm, a citizen of the United States, and resident of New York city, inthe county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Measuring Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in liquid measuring apparatus.

The. primary object of this invention is to provide means for controlling, regulating or limiting with great lprecision the degree of'suction or vacuum in a suitable measuring channel, chamber or the like to enable the precise measurement within such channel, chamber; or the like of any predetermined volume of liquid which is caused to move in a column within said channel by such suction or vacuum. My said invention is particularly adapted for measuring extremely small quantities of liquid, such as blood, which it is necessary subsequently to dilute before the corpuscles, -cells or the likecontained therein may be counted, thus causing any minute error in volume to be enormously multiplied and consequently requiring the utmost accuracy.

More particularly` my invention embodies a capillary pipette having graduations suitable for the character of the liquid or liquids it is desired to measure therein, in combination with a suction or vacuum-producing element, such as a suction pump or syringe, the degree of vacuum-producing movement of which is accurately controlled by a manually-actuated screw, preferably a very ne micromoter screw. This controlled movement of the vacuum producing element in turn accurately controls the visible movement within the pipette of a column of blood or other liquid which it is desired to measure and enables the movement within such pipette of such column of liquid to be accurately and positively sto ped within hair-line limits.

nother feature of my invention comprises the provision in combination With a suitably graduated pipette of a vacuumproducing element which is jointly controlled by the manual rotation of a screw i deviceiand a manually-actuated pull or sliding device, whereby rapid movement of the liquid column may be caused to an approxlmate `limit by the direct manipulation or pull of the ypiston handle and a more accurate movement and stopping of such column, may, by manipulation of the screw device, beV procured.

Other objects and features of my invention will be apparent from an examination of the illustrations depicted in the accompanying drawings inconjunction with the analysis of said invention embodied in the following specification. i

In said drawings in which similar' reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views Fig. l, is a plan View, partly in of a device embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a section on a line 2 2 of Fig.

l and 1 i Fig. 3, is a fragmentary view partly in plan, and partly in section, of another device embodying a modified form of my invention.

Figs. l and 2 of these drawing illustrate on an enlarged scale a form of my invention particularly adapted for measuring an exact section,

quantity of human blood and mixing therewith an exact quantity of a diluting liquid, the diluted blood thus obtained to be subsequently used in a haemocytometer to determine the number of erythrocytes in the blood. ln said figures l indicates a pipette which embodies a front capillary tube 2, provided with suitable graduations 2a; a rear capillary tube 4 provided with a gradnation 4a; a mixing chamber 3 located intermediate and communicating with the two tubes 2 and 4 and provided with a mixing bead 3a and an outlet nipple 5 which communicates at one end with the tube 4. rlhe nipple 5 has a readily disconnectable connection by means of a flexible tube or hose 6 vwith a vacuum-producing element 7 having, as shown, nipples 7a, 7b, to permit an air tight connection therewith. As illustrated in Figs. l and 2, said vacuum-producing element 7 comprises a conventional" pump or syringe barrel, having a cylinder 8of glass partially encased by a metallic casing 9 provided at its opposite ends with screw threads 9a, 9b and screw caps l0 and 11 between which and the cylinder 8 suitl able rubber discs l2, 121 are provided to produce air tight joints for a vacuum or pumptchamber 13. lVithin this chamber 13, as shown, is reciprocatcd a double pistonhead 14, manipulated by means of a sliding piston rod 15 which extends through an opening in the -cap 11 and through a bearing 16 formed, as Illustrated, integrally with the cap l1. Said piston is preferably keyed against turning by suitable means such as a disc 18 fixed by the screw cap 11 which disc is provided with a bore 18a having a fiat wall 18b which abuts against a Hat face 15a of the piston rod 15. The movement of the piston 14 is controlled b the rotation of an nteriorly screw-threads mill head 17 on an exterior screw thread 15b on the rod l5 when said mill head bears against the bearing 16 and is also movable by a direct pull outwardly n the `rod 15, the mill head being employed as a finger hold, if desired. This arrangement enables a fine adjustment of suction faor measurement of a blood column and a more rapid movement of the piston for the sucking in of the diluting liquid, the movementor movements of the liquid column being, of course, in proportion to the degree of suction and being visible in the graduated glass pipette. The diameter of the pistons 14 may, in the embodiment shown, be expanded or reduced in size in the usual way by the movement of an expansion collar 14sl and-nut ltb on the 'screw thread 15c on a reduced portion of the rod 15, the said reduced portion releasing the rod from the keying action of the disc 18 and permitting the rotation of the rod 15 through the opening therein to allow a binding of the nut 14Cb and an adjustment of the same on the screw thread 15.

In the embodiment of my invention shown in Fig. 3, a portion of a pipette 2 is illustrated. In'this figure 3 indicates the mixing chamber, 3a the mixing bead, l the rear capillary tube, 4a the graduations on said rear tube and 5 the nipple which is connected by rubber tube 6 to a vacuum-producing element 2O comprising a cylindrical, barrelmember 21 provided with a nipple 21a and an exterior screw-thread 2lb. Mounted upon the member 21 is an intermediate cylindrical member 22, provided with an interior screw thread 22a co-acting with the thread 21h; a manually-manipulated mill head or nut 22b and a smooth exterior surface 22c on which is fitted a sliding cap 23 having an air-tight connection by gasket 23nb with the member 22 and also provided with a finger piece 23a.

Obviouslywhen the mill head 22b is rotated about the barrel-member 21, a fine adjustment of the suction may be procured and when rapid suction is desired the cap maybe slid outwardly on thermember 22 by grasping the fingerpiece 23a. The degree of suction will as above described in respect to Figs. 1 and 2, beindicated by the movement of the liquid in the capillary tubes of the pipette 2.

The operation of the device will be obvious from the foregoing description. q It will be understood that it is essential in physiological researches, such as counting the corpuscles in the blood, to get the precise amount of liquid to a hair line limit the first time; to procure this relatively small and exact amount of liquid rapidly so as .to avoid coagulation and then without an instants delay to procure al dilution of the relatively small blood column. It will likewise be understood thatif the suction causes the blood liquid to move the slightest hair breadth'beyond the measuring graduation, it will be necessary to go through the entire operation over again, in which case, in blood counting, the patient must be punctured a second time to procure a fresh drop of blood and the instruments employed must be thoroughly cleansed, sterilized and dried by the use of alcohol, ether and air, all of which causes a great loss of time and much annoyance to the practitioner; and it is this difficulty heretofore frequently encountered that my invention is intended to obviate.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. Liquid measuring apparatus embodying, in combination, a pipette having a capillary tube provided with suitable graduations and a vacuum-producing element connected thereto and provided withv manually-eetwated and positively controlled means for adjusting the amount of suction produced by said element.

2. Liquid measuring apparatus embodying in combination, a pipette, having suitable graduations and a vacuum-producing element connected thereto and provided with manually actuated screw controlled means for adjusting the precise amount of suction produced by said element.

3. Liquid measuring apparatus, embody- 110 ing, in combination, a pipette having suitable graduations and a'vacuumproducing element connected thereto and jointly controlled byl a manually-actuated screw-device for adjusting a precise amount of suction, 115 and a manually-actuated pull-device for procuring more rapid suction.

4L. Liquid measuring apparatus embodying, in combination, a pipette having suitable` graduations and a vacuum-producing ele- 120 ment connectedthereto and comprising a pump barrel, a piston movable within said barrel, a piston-rod for actuating said piston, a disc for keying said piston-rod against rotation and screw means acting upon said A ment connected thereto and comprising a. pump barrel, a piston movable Within said barrel, a piston-rod for actuating said piston, a dise for keying said piston-rod against rotation, and screw and nut means for eX- panding and contracting Said piston located on a reduced portion of said piston rod, whereby a binding of the nut may be permitted to adjust the expansion and contraction of the piston Without disassembly of parts.

Signed at the borough of Manhattan, city of N. Y., in the county of New York and State of New York, this 29th day of November, A. D. 1918.

FREDERICK J. GOTTLIEB. 

